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Arts and Crafts Movement, Franz Schubert, Jean de La Fontaine, Neptune's Horses, Posts on La Fontaine, Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, Ständchen, Walter Crane
Crane’s interest in Japanese art is evident in this 1874 cover of a
toy book, printed by Edmund Evans.
(Photo credit: Wikipedia)
Illustrator: Walter Crane
I have endeavoured to collect all my posts on Jean de La Fontaine (8 July 1621 – 13 April 1695), most of which are also discussions of Æsop‘s Fables. We have now discussed many fables by La Fontaine and Æsop. My list may therefore be incomplete.
The ‘Golden Age’ of British book illustration
The illustrations shown in this post are by Walter Crane (1845–1915) who illustrated Æsop‘s Fables adapted for children. Crane lived during the ‘Golden Age’ of British book illustration. His contemporaries were Randolph Caldecott, Kate Greenaway, Arthur Rackham, Sir John Tenniel (Alice in Wonderland), and other celebrated illustrators. (See The Golden Age of Illustration.)
Japonism of Toy Books
Crane was influenced by Japonisme: ukiyo-e prints. In England, Japonism was called the Anglo-Japanese Style. The Alphabet of Old Friends, shown above, one of Crane’s toy books, is an example of Japonism both from the point of view of subject matter (e.g. the heron or crane, the oranges) and style: flat colours, etc.
Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood and the Arts and Crafts Movement
The Healthy and Artistic Dress Union
However, Crane is usually associated with the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (middle of 19th century) and the Arts and Crafts Movement (1860 and 1910), movements that incorporated the decorative arts and design. William Morris (24 March 1834 – 3 October 1896), a leading member of both movements, designed wallpaper and tiles. Interestingly, Walter Crane designed not only wallpaper, etc., but clothes for women, looser-fitting clothes. He was in fact a Vice President of the Healthy and Artistic Dress Union. This, I would not have suspected.
At first sight, Walter Crane’s moral for the “Fox and the Grapes” seems rather negative, if one focuses on the word disappointment: “The grapes of disappointment are always sour.” However, this moral may serve to lessen cognitive dissonance, if the grapes are deemed sour. Since Æsop‘s Fables are for anyone to retell, morals may differ from author to author.
La Fontaine’s illustrators
Walter Crane was a fine artist. He is the creator of “Neptune’s Horses,” an artwork that is somewhat reminiscent of Hokusai‘s Great Wave off Kanagawa. “Neptune’s Horses” is featured at the very bottom of this post. However, although Crane illustrated Æsop‘s Fables, and, by extension, some of La Fontaine’s Æsopic fables, the most famous illustrators of La Fontaine’s Fables are Jean-Baptiste Oudry, François Chauveau, Jean Ignace Isidore Gérard Grandville, Gustave Doré, and others, some of whom I have already mentioned and some I will mention in future posts.
The Video
YouTube has a lovely video featuring Walter Crane’s art. However, it does not show his illustrations of fables. It does not fully belong to this post. The music is Franz Schubert‘s (31 January 1797 – 19 November 1828) Ständchen, D. 957.
FABLES by Jean de La Fontaine (& Æsop) (listed in alphabetical order: Boy, Cat, Cock, Fox…- Æsop and La Fontaine online, and (8 September 2014)
- Æsop’s “The Boy Bathing” (Perry Index 211) (5 September 2014)
- The Cat‘s Only Trick, “Le Chat et le Renard” (IX.14) (The Cat and the Fox)
- The Cat Metamorphosed into a Maid, by Jean de La Fontaine, “La Chatte métamorphosée en femme” (II.18)
- “The Cock and the Pearl,” La Fontaine cont’d (I.20), “Le Coq et la Perle” (I.20)
- La Fontaine’s “The Dog that dropped the Substance for the Shadow” (VI.17)
- Dogs a long time ago “Le Chien qui lâche sa proie pour l’ombre” (VI.17)
- The Fox & Crane, or Stork, “Le Renard et la Cigogne” (I.18)
- “Les Grenouilles qui demandent un roi,” (The Frogs Who Desired a King) (III.4)
- The Fox and the Goat, “Le Renard et le Bouc” (III.5)
- La Fontaine’s “The Fox and the Grapes,” “Le Renard et les Raisins” (III.11)
- The Fox with his Tail Cut Off, (see Another Motif: The Tail-Fisher) (V.5)
- “Les Grenouilles qui demandent un roi,” (The Frogs Who Desired a King) (III.4)
- The Hen with the Golden Eggs, “La Poule aux œufs d’or” (V.8)
- The Man and the Snake, “L’Homme et la Couleuvre” (X.1)
- The Miller, his Son and the Donkey: quite a Tale, “Le Meunier, son fils, et l’âne” (X.1)
- You can’t please everyone: Æsop retold, “Le Meunier, son fils, et l’âne” (X.1)
- The Mouse Metamorphosed into a Maid, by Jean de La Fontaine, “La Souris métamorphosée en fille” (II.18)
- A Motif: Getting Stuck in a Hole, “La Belette entrée dans un grenier” (III.17) (The Weazel in the Granary)
- Another Motif: The Tail-Fisher, “Le Renard ayant la queue coupée” (V.5)
- The North Wind and the Sun, “Phébus et Borée” (VI.3)
- The Oak Tree and the Reed “Le Chêne et le Roseau,” (I.22)
- “Le Chêne et le Roseau” (The Oak and the Reed): the Moral (I.22)
- The Town Mouse and the Country Mouse, “Le Rat de ville et le Rat des champs” (I.9)
- The Two Rats, the Fox and Egg: The Soul of Animals, “Les Deux Rats, le Renard, et l’Œuf” (IX.last fable)
The following list is mostly alphabetical (cha, che, coq, bel). It simply provides the title La Fontaine gave to his Fables. My post are written in English. Sometimes the fable is named in both French and English. They are listed as book (of XII [12]) and number (XII.14)
- “Le Chat et le Renard” (IX.14) The Cat’s Only Trick (The Cat and the Fox)
- “La Chatte métamorphosée en femme” (II.18) The Cat Metamorphosed into a Maid, by Jean de La Fontaine
- “Le Chêne et le Roseau” (I.22) The Oak Tree and the Reed
- “Le Chêne et le Roseau” (The Oak and the Reed): the Moral (I.22)
- La Fontaine’s “The Dog that dropped the Substance for the Shadow” Le Chien qui lâche sa proie pour l’ombre (VI.17)
- Le Chien qui lâche sa proie pour l’ombre (VI.17) Dogs a long time ago
- “Le Coq et la Perle” “The Cock and Pearl,” La Fontaine cont’d (I.20)
- “La Belette entrée dans un grenier” (III.17) A Motif: Getting Stuck in a Hole (“The Weazel in the Granary”)
- “Les Deux Rats, le Renard et l’Œuf” (IX.last fable) The Two Rats, the Fox and Egg: The Soul of Animals
- “L’Enfant et le Maître d’école” (I.19) Aesop’s “The Boy Bathing”
- “Les Grenouilles qui demandent un roi” (III.4) “Les Grenouilles qui demandent un roi,” (The Frogs Who Desired a King)
- “L’Homme et la Couleuvre” (X.1) The Man and the Snake
- “Le Meunier, son fils, et l’âne” (III.1) The Miller, his Son and the Donkey: quite a Tale
- “Le Meunier, son fils, et l’âne” (III.1) You can’t please everyone: Æsop retold
- “Phébus et Borée” (VI.3) The North Wind and the Sun
- “La Poule aux œufs d’or” (V.8) The Hen with the Golden Eggs
- “Le Rat de ville et le Rat des champs” (I.9) The Town Mouse and the Country Mouse
- “Le Renard ayant la queue coupée” (V.5) Another Motif: The Tail-Fisher (“The Fox with his Tail Cut Off”)
- “Le Renard et le Bouc”(III.5) The Fox and the Goat
- “Le Renard et la Cigogne” (I.18) The Fox & Crane, or Stork
- “Le Renard et les Raisins” (III.11) The Fox and the Grapes
- “La Souris métamorphosée en fille” (IV.7) The Mouse Metamorphosed into a Maid, by Jean de La Fontaine
Franz Schubert: Ständchen, D. 957
© Micheline Walker
September 24, 2013
WordPress
Neptune’s Horses, Walter Crane, ill., 1892
Photo credit: Google Images
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