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Micheline's Blog

~ Art, music, books, history & current events

Micheline's Blog

Category Archives: Vernacular

Pietro Bembo by Titian, and the Vernacular

27 Wednesday Jan 2016

Posted by michelinewalker in Art, Vernacular

≈ 8 Comments

Tags

Geoffrey Chaucer, Joachim du Bellay, Masterpiece, Pietro Bembo, portraits, Shakespeare, Titian, Vernacular

15bembo

Portrait of Pietro Bembo by Titian, 1540 (WikiArt.org.)

A few posts ago, I listed two old posts as related articles. One was about the Petrarchan Movement, the other, about Joachim du Bellay.

In 1525, Cardinal Pietro Bembo (20 May 1470 – either 11 January or 18 January 1547) wrote Prose della volgar lingua, a text in which he encouraged authors to write in Italian, the vernacular, rather than Latin. The vernacular was Italian as spoken in Florence and Tuscany. For Pietro Bembo, however, it was the Italian used by Francesco Petrarch (20 May 1470 – either 11 January or 18 January 1547), hence the Petrarchan Movement. I also mentioned authors Dante Alighieri (1625 – 1321) and Giovanni Boccaccio (c. 1313- 21 December 1375).

The Madrigal

As for musicians, they too were to set to music texts written in Italian, rather than Latin. In the area of music, Francesco Landini (c. 1325 or 1335 – 2 September 1397) was the first writer of madrigals, a word meaning in one’s mother tongue: madre in Spanish.

France: Du Bellay

A few years later, in 1549, French poet Joachim du Bellay (c. 1522 – 1 January 1560) published his Défense et illustration de la langue française. It became acceptable to write poetry in one’s native language. Du Bellay was a poet, not a composer.

England: Chaucer

As for England, Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343 – 25 October 1400), who took the Roman de la Rose to England, he had also advocated the use of English, rather than Latin or French, as a literary language. He translated part of the Roman de la Rose. You may recall that until the end of the Hundred Years’ War, French was spoken at the court of England and Edward VII felt he was a legitimate heir to the throne of France. He wasn’t by virtue of the Salic Law. A woman could not ascend the throne of France. Edward VII’s mother was French. Hence the fratricidal nature of the Hundred Years’ War, a war of succession.

sans-titre

Shakespeare, the Chandos Portrait, sometimes attributed to Titian (Photo credit: Art History Today)

Titian (Tiziano Vecelli or Tiziano Vecellio)

Portrayed about is William Shakespeare (c 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) the Chandos Portrait, is sometimes attributed to Titian. (See Art History Today.)

RELATED ARTICLES

  • Art History Today
  • The Hundred Year’s War: its Literary Legacy (24 January 2016)
  • The Petrarchan Movement (6 December 2011)

 

With warm greetings to all of you. ♥ 

Titian
Ennio Morricone (Deborah’s Theme)

Titian%20side%20profile

Self-portrait by Titian
(Photo credit: Wikipedia)

© Micheline Walker
26 January 2016
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La Pléiade: Du Bellay

30 Friday Dec 2011

Posted by michelinewalker in France, Literature, Vernacular

≈ 58 Comments

Tags

Défense et illustration..., Joachim du Bellay, La Pléiade, Les Regrets, Renaissance

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The Petrarchan Movement

06 Tuesday Dec 2011

Posted by michelinewalker in Literature, Music, Vernacular

≈ Comments Off on The Petrarchan Movement

Tags

Bembismo, Francesco Landini, Petrarch, Petrarchan Movement, Pietro Bembo, the Vernacular

Pietro_Bembo2

Cardinal Pietro Bembo by Titian (Photo credit: Wiki2.org.)

One of my readers asked about the Petrarchan movement.  So I thought I would answer her question in a short post.

Wikipedia has the necessary information in its entry on Cardinal Pietro Bembo (20 May 1470 – either 11 January or 18 January, 1547).

—ooo—

To put it in a nutshell, Pietro Bembo encouraged musicians to set to music texts written in Italian, rather than Latin.  By then, there were many excellent writers in Italy and, although there were various forms of Italian, Venice-born Bembo liked the Italian spoken in Florence, Tuscany.  Petrarch was a Florentine poet and a friend of Francesco Landini, the first writer of madrigals (madrigal means from mother tongue).  Petrarch was a perfect source.

The same thing happened in France.  In 1549, poet Joachim du Bellay (c. 1522 – 1 January 1560)  published a Défense et illustration de la langue française.  In his eyes, French had come of age.

As for Pietro Bembo, in 1525, he wrote Prose della volgar lingua (Discussions of the Vernacular [language spoken by the people] Language), in which he advocated the use of Italian.

Bembo had other theories, including one regarding the link between speech and the emotions (the affekte, in German).

There is a type face called “Bembo.”  Pietro Bembo so liked to imitate Petrarch that imitation of Petrarch became known as bembismo.

Bembo was a scholar and very persuasive.

Francesco Landini  — Madrigal

 

Francesco Landini — Ecco la primavera

Landini playing a portative organ(illustration from the 15th-century Squarcialupi Codex)

© Micheline Walker
6 December 2011
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